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Earthworms are invertebrate animals that are related to the type of annelid worms Annelidae, clitellates subtype Clitellata; they are an important part of soil biota and are found throughout the world. A common earthworm “Nochnoi vypolzok” (Lumbricus terrestries) and a dung-worm (Eisenia fetida) are probably the best known species of earthworms. All other species of earthworms are biologically similar to them, except for certain features. Small earthworms reach a length of 1-2 cm, while the fixed length of the giant worm Megascolices australis (Australia) is up to 3 meters in diameter at 2.5 cm.
Oligochaetes are distributed throughout the world. They live in fresh and salt water, as well as in fairly moist soils. This class has more than 3,100 species. However, only a few species of earthworms are of considerable interest for industrial and commercial use.
Large soil invertebrates play a significant role in the regulation of soil processes, but among them, earthworms are the most important species in maintaining soil fertility and in efficient nutrient cycling.
Biology students use earthworm as the organism for an autopsy and examining its structure; fishermen use it as fishing bait for angling, but for the average person it is just "another creation of God." Darwin, commonly known as the creator of the theory of evolution, was one of the first researchers to demonstrate the role of worms in the maintenance of soil health (1837).
It can be stated that "Gardener is someone who has a good sense of humus.” Humus is the product of biological impact of micro-organisms and earthworms on organic matter. Earthworms create a basic component of soil systems, and these seeming to us such insignificant creatures are real optimists who silently "plow" the soil over millions of years and are involved mainly in the recycling of organic nutrients, contributing to the formation of topsoil and effective plant growth. Thus, earthworms are a key component of the biological strategy of nutrient cycling in soil, and the structure of their communities is a precise indicator of the type of soil.
In Russian language there were only two words “vermicelli” and “vermiculite”. which have the same root from the Latin word for worms - vermes. At the present time in connection with the development of earthworms breeding technology in the world from English into Russian has come a set of words: “vermicompost”, “vermicomposting”, “vermicultivation”, “vermiculture”, vermitechnology”, “vermibox” , “vermicontainer”, “vermireactor”, “vermisubstrate ” (worm substate), “vermifodder”, “vermibed”, vermihumus etc. The famous Indian scientist Professor S.Ismail has introduced a new definition vermicology which is the science of earthworms. This was done by analogy of the name of the fungi science - Mycology.
Vermicomposting, vermicompost and vermiculture- these new words are the most frequently used terms among horticulturists, gardeners and those who are engaged in farming or the recycling of organic waste on an industrial scale, and home. In this connection there was a need for a modern scientific information on the basics and aspects of the use of earthworms in human practice.
This information site contains modern scientific and practical information about earthworms and their biology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, as well as about the role of earthworms in the ecosystem of the modern technologies of organic waste processing using earthworms and vermiculture economy, about new liquid humic substances, which are made from vermicompost, about application of vermicompost and humic substances in organic farming for the cultivation of different cultures: from the vegetable to cereal. There will be placed valuable and practical information on how to grow worms and how to care for vermiculture as well as how produce vermicompost from organic waste. |